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Title Implementing Rules for Pilot Licensing - Part-FCL
NPA Number NPA 2008-17b

IAOPA Europe (info@iaopa-eur.org) has placed 25 unique comments on this NPA:

Cmt# Segment description Page Comment Attachments
6473 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart A: General Requirements - FCL.010 Definitions 3 - 5

The definition of co-pilot refers to what is specified in either the flight manual or the air operator certificate. This does not take into account the situation for non-commercial activities where an AOC is not issued.

 

If a non-commercial operator wants to operate a single pilot aircraft with two pilots and the operator adapts the Operations Manual and training accordingly, he should also fall under the definition so that both pilots may log the time.

 

It is therefore suggested to ammend the text as follows:

 

”...as specified in the flight manual, by the air operator certificate or in case of non-commercial operations with complex aircraft, in the Operations Manual.”

 
6475 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart A: General Requirements - FCL.015 Application and issue of licences, ratings and certificates 5

The limitation to hold only one license might cause problems in some cases. Particularly because of language barriers and because the authority for different segments of aviation  might be delegated to different entities (for instance one for gliding and another one for powered aircraft).

 

For instance in the case where a pilot has taken a glider license (LPL) in one country and now wants to get a full PPL or CPL license for powered aircraft in another country.

 

In this case transferring all license administration from the gliding authority in one country to the powered aircraft authority in another country offers no real benefits. Instead it causes problems because of language barrieres and because an authority which specialises in one segment of aviation now must deal with another segment for which it is not competent.

 
6478 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart A: General Requirements - FCL.025 Theoretical knowledge examinations for the issue of licences 5 - 6

The wording:

 

”Applicants shall take the entire set of examinations in one Member State”

 

is confusing.

 

It is assumed that it is the intention to make it possible for a pilot to take the exams for  gliding privileges in one Member State and take the exams for powered aircraft in another memberstate.

 

Also it is assumed that it is the intention to make it possible for a pilot to take all exams for a LPL in one Member State and have a license issued in that Member State, and then afterwards to undergo training for another category of aircraft and still get credit for the common exams taken in the previous Member State.

 

Therefore the proposed text would be as follows:

 

”Applicants shall take the entire set of examinations for the initial certificate or a particular extension to a certificate in one Member State”

 
6481 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart A: General Requirements - FCL.055 Language proficiency 7 - 9

According to ICAO language proficiency requirements, pilots flying abroad that are required to use radio must be able to communicate in English also on "common" and not just work related topics. This is a hurdle that cannot be taken by many Private Pilots flying purely VFR and not having an academic language background. Consequently they will be limited to flying in the area of their national language.


This is a severe limitation of personal freedom in aviation whereas a significant increase in safety cannot be expected. Sailplane pilots that are sharing the same airspace according to the same Visual Flight Rules and use the same aerodromes do not have to fulfill these language requirements.

 

For the LPL EASA remains in many respects below ICAO standards, as long as safety is not compromised and an economic or operational benefit is expected.

 

Consequently it should also be evaluated if the ICAO language proficiency requirements could safely be lowered for LPL-VFR pilots.

 

In Germany good experience was made with English radio telephony licenses, for which an applicant had to demonstrate to examiners that he or she is able to:

 

  • translate texts of an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) from English into the National Language
  • conduct an approach to and a departure from a towered airport using aeronautical phraseology
  • emit emergency calls.

 

A europeanwide radio telephony license based on a similar principle should be limited to VFR operations only and good for life-time!

 
6482 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart A: General Requirements - FCL.065 Curtailment of privileges of licence holders aged 60 years or more 9 - 10

The age limit of 60 and 65 years should be removed. Since this restriction was originally established the general health situation and life expectancy has improved dramatically.This should be reflected also in EASA-FCL. The age limit should be subject only to the medical condition of the pilot.

 

 
6483 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart B: Leisure Pilot Licence - LPL 11

The name of the new socalled ”Leisure Pilot License” is by the whole Genaral Aviation industry regarded as very unfortunate. The term ”Leisure” associates the license with just sport or hobby purposes. In fact the license will be used for many other activities where the most prominent is simply ”personal transportation”.

 

A car you can be used both for driving to work and going to leisure activities. Yet your drivers license is not tagged ”leisure”, and the risk is that this new license will not get proper recognition with this ”leisure” brand.

 

There seems to be general agreement in the industry that the best term for the license would be Light Aircraft Pilot License (LAPL). AOPA therefore strongly suggest that the name is changed accordingly.
 
6484 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart B: Leisure Pilot Licence - LPL - Section 1: Common Requirements - FCL.100 LPL - Minimum age 11

IAOPA welcomes the minimum age of 16 for applicants. Young people at age 16 that are already mature enough should be allowed to enjoy the privileges of the LPL.

 
6486
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart B: Leisure Pilot Licence - LPL - Section 3: Specific requirements for the LPL for aeroplanes - FCL.140.A LPL(A) - Recency requirements 14
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart B: Leisure Pilot Licence - LPL - Section 4: Specific requirements for the LPL for helicopters - FCL.140.H LPL(H) - Recency requirements 15
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart H: Class and Type Ratings - Section 2: Specific Requirements for the aeroplane category - FCL.740.A Revalidation of class and type ratings - aeroplanes 37

The requirement that a pilot must pass a proficiency check with an EXAMINER every 6 years  should not apply for the LPL and PPL and for the class rating for a SEP. The option to do a training flight with an instructor is preferable for the non-profesional pilot, since it actually gives the pilot training and upgrades or helps maintain his skills.

 

The normal atmosphere in a checkride situation does nothing to improve the pilots flying skills or knowledge. On the contrary, the pilot will typically refrain from asking questions and touch subjects where he knows that he has weknesses.

 

If a check is regarded as necessary in order  to satisfy the basic regulation, it is proposed to combine it with a training flight,  that may be conducted by the FI or LAFI, and where the instructor  by the end of the flight will pass or fail the pilot  based on the same objective criteria as the proficiency check.

 

Training flights with instructors as introduced under JAR-FCL are fully sufficient for fulfilling the  requirements of the Basic Regulation.

The Basic Regulation in its respective Annex III 1.c.2. and 1.e.2. doesn´t require Proficiency checks from Examiners, but regular "assessments, examinations, tests or checks". Assessments or checks can of course be conducted by Flight Instructors. Considering that a flight instructor is authorised to send a student solo, it should be obvious that s Flight Instructor is able to assess the if a pilot operates safely.

 

If the Agency believes that training flights with flight instructors were to an unacceptable degree not conducted as intended by the authorities, appropriate measures have to be taken to assure the desired quality of future training flights. Flight Instructors could be required to follow an official checklist of required exercises and to sign that all exercises were performed by the applicant in an acceptable way. Such a checklist could also be used for checking the theoretical knowledge of the applicant.

 

If a proficiency check with an examiner is maintained IAOPA fears that this will create a mental barrier for a number of non-professional pilots and push people out of General Aviation. Feedback from IAOPA members shows that many pilots regard the introduction of Proficiency Checks as a signal of severe mistrust and that they are rather willing to give up flying than to undergo these proficiency checks.

 

It is also unclear where the high number of required Examiners could come from, a new dangerous bottleneck would be created.

 
6487
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart C: Private Pilot Licence (PPL), Sailplane Pilot Licence (SPL) and Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL) - Section 2: Specific requirements for the PPL aeroplanes - FCL.205.A PPL(A) - Privileges 19
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart C: Private Pilot Licence (PPL), Sailplane Pilot Licence (SPL) and Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL) - Section 3: Specific requirements for the PPL helicopters - FCL.205.H PPL(H) - Privileges 19

It is unclear if "without remuneration" also excludes cost sharing between pilots and passengers.

 

It should be clarified that cost-sharing is allowed. This is common and necessary practice in General Aviation.


IAOPA strongly support the initiative to allow the holder of a PPL to receive remuneration for the provision of flight instruction for the LPL and PPL.

 

This will attract more people into General Aviation and help provide more instructors. Further it may even improve the quality of instruction, since people instructing based on their PPL will typically be more experienced and instruct out of dedication.

 
6490
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart C: Private Pilot Licence (PPL), Sailplane Pilot Licence (SPL) and Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL) - Section 2: Specific requirements for the PPL aeroplanes - FCL.210.A PPL(A) - Experience requirements and crediting 19
B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart C: Private Pilot Licence (PPL), Sailplane Pilot Licence (SPL) and Balloon Pilot Licence (BPL) - Section 3: Specific requirements for the PPL helicopters - FCL.210.H PPL(H) - Experience requirements and crediting 20

Crediting of holders of other licenses should be competency based. A pilot with thousands of hours flying a glider will relatively easy be able to convert to a powered aircraft and should get credited accordingly.

 

The current proposal with just 10 percent of the total flight time required is way too rigid.

 
6534 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart G: Instrument Rating - IR - Section 1: Common Requirements - FCL.615 IR - Theoretical knowledge and flight instruction 31 - 32

A PPL-IR is still missing. The knowledge requirements include turbine engines, autothrottle, Inertial Navigation, FMS. All this is irrelevant for PPL-holders flying typical GA aircraft and should be covered by Type Ratings, High Performance Ratings when required.

 

IAOPA fully supports the EASA FCL.008 initiative for a more accessible IR!

 
6542 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart G: Instrument Rating - IR - Section 1: Common Requirements - FCL.625 IR - Validity, revalidation and renewal 32

To have IR Refresher courses only in a ATO is not reasonable. Any IRI can also offer the refresher training, an ATO environment is not necessary

 
6547 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart H: Class and Type Ratings - Section 2: Specific Requirements for the aeroplane category - FCL.720.A Experience requirements and pre-requisites for the issue of class or type ratings - aeroplanes 35 - 36

For the Single Pilot High Performance Rating, wide parts of the ATPL theoretical knowledge are required, see "Syllabus to the ATPL(A) level". This requirement goes too far and is too high a burden.

 

Instead knowledge tests should be included in the individual type ratings. This would respect that there are differences between the kowledge required for piloting a Piper Malibu and a Falcon 900. A type rating is the best opportunity to teach and to test the required specific knowledge for the individual aircraft.

 
6550 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart I: Additional Ratings - FCL.805 Sailplane towing and banner towing ratings 42

Experience Requirements for the Towing Ratings are too high.


The rating should be granted if the applicants perform well during their checkflights. If a minimum hour requirement is regarded as necessary at all, it should be lowered to 50 hours for banner towing and to 20 for glider towing.

 
6556 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart I: Additional Ratings - FCL.815 Mountain ratings 43

The feedback IAOPA has received from its members is that the requirements for the mountain rating should undergo a complete revision. The proposed regulation will be a huge barrier to mountain flying. Particularly the requirement for a proficiency check every 12 months does not take into account the limited number of available examiners. The duration for a mountain rating should be 2 years like for other ratings.

 

Also there is a need for a site rating where the pilot gets the privileges to use a particular landing site.

 

Further, the proposal for both a ”wheel mountain rating” and a ”ski mountain rating” does not take into account the limited availability of instructors, suitable aircraft and weather opportunities. It is therefore proposed to make just one rating, where ski or wheels operations are simple extensions that may be achieved by familiarisation training.
 
6561 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart J: Instructors - Section 1: Common Requirements - FCL.915 General requirements for instructors 45

IAOPA support the initiative to remove the CPL requirement for a PPL-FI.

 
6562 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart J: Instructors - Section 3: Specific requirements for the flight instructor - FCL.940.FI FI - Revalidation and renewal 52 - 53

IAOPA supports the initiative to lower the FI requirement of 100 hr instruction to 50 hrs!


A FI has to pass a proficiency check for each 2nd revalidation, this is immoderate and wasn´t required until today. This has not ben a problem till now and the requirement should be deleted.

 
6566 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart J: Instructors - Section 4: Specific requirements for the type rating instructor - FCL.940.TRI TRI - Revalidation and renewal 55 - 56

A TRI has to pass a proficiency check for each 2nd revalidation, this is immoderate and wasn´t required until today. This has not ben a problem till now and the requirement should be deleted.

 
6568 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart J: Instructors - Section 5: Specific requirements for the class rating instructor - FCL.940.CRI CRI - Revalidation and renewal 57

A CRI has to pass a proficiency check for each 2nd revalidation, this is immoderate and wasn´t required until today. This has not ben a problem till now and the requirement should be deleted.

 
6572 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart J: Instructors - Section 7: Specific requirements for the synthetic flight instructor - FCL.940.SFI SFI - Revalidation and renewal 59 - 60

A SFI has to pass a proficiency check for each 2nd revalidation, this is immoderate and wasn´t required until today. This has not ben a problem till now and the requirement should be deleted.

 
6574 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Subpart K: Examiners - Section 1: Common Requirements - FCL.1010 Pre-requisites for examiners 64

In the proposed text examiners don´t need to be Flight Instructors. It would be sensible to  require it for PPL Examiners?

 

Maybe it´s ok in an airline environment if a check-captain is not also a flight instructor, but in GA that should be a requirement
 
6576 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Appendix 4: Skill test for the issue of a CPL - B. Contents of the skill test for the issue of a CPL – aeroplanes 97 - 100

Why is an aircraft with retractable gear required for CPL courses? Most modern aircraft don´t have it and are complex enough, like a Cirrus SR22, Cessna 182 or 350, etc. It will be a problem to find enough old Piper Arrows for this purpose!

 

It is proposed to rewrite the requirement into: ”Aircraft with retractable gear OR more than 200 hp.”

 
6579 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Requirements for the acceptance of licences issued by or on behalf of third countries 159 - 161

EASA wants to ensure oversight over all foreign license holders and aircraft operating from a European Base. 3rd country Licenses can only be accepted for one year maximum!

 

This will kill all operations with 3rd country aircraft and so substantially damage European GA.

 

European CAA have not been able to cope with STCs as the FAA has been, so these aircraft remained in the FAA register. Same with ratings: JAA and EASA have been unable to implement an IR for light aviation.

 

Mutual recognition of licenses and ratings should be achieved after just a written exam in airlaw and a practical skill test!

 

Instead of accepting the competition and to work for better regulation EASA intends to exclude the competition from FAA and other regulators.

 

EASA should ensure oversight over 3rd country aircraft through a cooperation with third country CAAs. Bi- or multilateral reporting and enforcement systems should be implemented, ramp checks are conducted already today.

 

The mandatory certification of an aircraft in a European register should only be the ultimate solution in case attempts to cooperate with other CAAs have failed. Problems with 3rd country aircraft are exisiting in the Airline world, but only to a very low degree in GA.

 

A mutual recognition of GA licenses and STCs should be the aim between EASA and third country CAAs which have proven a high safety standard.

 
6582 B. Draft Opinion Part-FCL - Requirements for the acceptance of licences issued by or on behalf of third countries 159 - 161

Why is for the PPL-IR acceptance an experience of 100hrs required? This can´t be a safety requirement, because the pilots abilities are already controlled in a skill test.

 

The requirement for PIC time should be deleted or drastically reduced.

 
6587 B. Draft Decision Part-FCL - AMC and GM - Subpart H: Class and Ratings - AMC to FCL.740(b)(1) Renewal of class and type ratings – refresher training 375

For an expiry longer than 3 years the applicant should undergo the training required for initial issue of the rating. This is too heavy a requirement!

 

A refresher training flight with an FI is absolutely sufficient.